Panoramic lens database
Compare the most common lenses used for 360° panoramic photography.
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Panoramic heads
The list of all professional quality panoramic tripod heads.
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Panoramic software
Panoramic stitching software reviews.
Comparison of 360° Flash panorama players and virtual tours software.
Recommended lenses
Widely used panoramic photography lenses
Nikon 10.5mm f/2.8G ED DX Fisheye
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=10.5mm, HFOV: n/a° | VFOV: n/a° | DFOV: n/a°
- 1.5x=15.75mm, HFOV: 139° | VFOV: 87° | DFOV: 173°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 3 images every 120°, if the lens shade is cut off (no zenith shot is required)
- Recommended (full-frame): use the Nikon 16mm fisheye or the Sigma 15mm (6+2)
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 5 images every 72° at 0° pitch (18% overlap), Z
- Recommended (1.5x): N, 6 images every 60° at 0° pitch (32% overlap), Z
Nikon 12-24mm f/4G ED-IF AF-S DX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=12-24mm, HFOV: 112° - 74° | VFOV: 90° - 53° | DFOV: 122° - 84°
- 1.5x=18-36mm, HFOV: 90° - 53° | VFOV: 67° - 37° | DFOV: 100° - 62°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
Nikon 14mm f/2.8D ED
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=14mm, HFOV: 104° | VFOV: 81° | DFOV: 114°
- 1.5x=21mm, HFOV: 81° | VFOV: 59° | DFOV: 92°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
Nikon 16mm f/2.8D Fisheye
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=16mm, HFOV: 137° | VFOV: 88° | DFOV: 170°
- 1.5x=24mm, HFOV: 88° | VFOV: 58° | DFOV: 107°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 5 images every 72° at 0° pitch, Z (18% overlap)
- Recommended (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at 0° pitch, Z (32% overlap)
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
Nikon 17-35mm f/2.8D ED-IF
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=17-35mm, HFOV: 93° - 54° | VFOV: 70° - 38° | DFOV: 104° - 63°
- 1.5x=25.5-52.5mm, HFOV: 70° - 38° | VFOV: 50° - 26° | DFOV: 81° - 45°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
Nikon 17-55mm f/2.8G ED-IF AF-S DX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=17-55mm, HFOV: 93° - 36° | VFOV: 70° - 25° | DFOV: 104° - 43°
- 1.5x=25.5-82.5mm, HFOV: 70° - 25° | VFOV: 50° - 17° | DFOV: 81° - 29°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
Nikon 18mm f/2.8D AF
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18mm, HFOV: 90° | VFOV: 67° | DFOV: 100°
- 1.5x=27mm, HFOV: 67° | VFOV: 48° | DFOV: 77°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Nikon 18-35mm f/3.5-4.5D ED-IF
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-35mm, HFOV: 90° - 54°| VFOV: 67° - 38° | DFOV: 100° - 63°
- 1.5x=27-52.5mm, HFOV: 67° - 38° | VFOV: 48° - 26° | DFOV: 77° - 45°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Nikon 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G ED AF-S DX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-55mm, HFOV: 90° - 36°| VFOV: 67° - 25° | DFOV: 100° - 43°
- 1.5x=27-82.5mm, HFOV: 67° - 25° | VFOV: 48° - 17° | DFOV: 77° - 29°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Nikon 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5 G-AFS ED-IF DX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-70mm, HFOV: 90° - 29°| VFOV: 67° - 19° | DFOV: 100° - 34°
- 1.5x=27-105mm, HFOV: 67° - 19° | VFOV: 48° - 13° | DFOV: 77° - 23°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Nikon 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 G ED-IF AF-S VR DX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-200mm, HFOV: 90° - 10°| VFOV: 67° - 7° | DFOV: 100° - 12°
- 1.5x=27-300mm, HFOV: 67° - 7° | VFOV: 48° - 5° | DFOV: 77° - 8°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
- VR - Vibration Reduction
Nikon 20mm f/2.8D AF
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=20mm, HFOV: 84° | VFOV: 62° | DFOV: 94°
- 1.5x=30mm, HFOV: 62° | VFOV: 44° | DFOV: 72°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Nikon FC-E8 / FC-E9 Fisheye Converters
Field of view (FOV)
- FC-E8 - Focal length of the camera's lens reduced to 0.21x
Provides approx. 183° view angle. - FC-E9 - Focal length of the camera's lens reduced to 0.2x
Provides approx. 183° (COOLPIX 5700) / 190° (COOLPIX 5400) view angle.
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum: 2 images, 180° apart
- Recommended: 3 images, 120° apart