Panoramic lens database
Compare the most common lenses used for 360° panoramic photography.
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Panoramic heads
The list of all professional quality panoramic tripod heads.
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Panoramic software
Panoramic stitching software reviews.
Comparison of 360° Flash panorama players and virtual tours software.
Recommended lenses
Widely used panoramic photography lenses
Sigma 8mm f/4 EX DG Circular Fisheye
Field of view (FOV):
- This fisheye lens can produce circular images with an angle of view of 180° when attached to a full-frame digital or 35mm film SLR camera.
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 3 images every 120° at 0° pitch
- Minimum (1.3x, 1.5x, 1.6x): N, 3 images every 120° using Agnos MrotatorC
- Recommended (1.3x, 1.5x, 1.6x):N, 5 images every 72° at 0° pitch, Z
Sigma 10mm f/2.8 EX DC HSM Fisheye
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=10mm, HFOV/DFOV: 180° - with shaved lens hood.
- 1.5x=15mm, HFOV: 145° | VFOV: 91° | DFOV: 171°
- 1.6x=16mm, HFOV: 138° | VFOV: 89° | DFOV: 164°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): 3 images every 120°, with shaved lens hood (no zenith shot is required if the lens in tilted +3°)
- Minimum (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 5 images every 72° at 0° pitch, Z
- Recommended (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 6 images every 60° at 0° pitch, Z
Sigma 10-20mm f/4-5.6 EX DC
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=10-20mm, HFOV: 122° - 84° | VFOV: 100° - 62° | DFOV: 130° - 94°
- 1.3x=13-26mm, HFOV: 108° - 69° | VFOV: 85° - 50° | DFOV: 118° - 80°
- 1.5x=15-30mm, HFOV: 100° - 62° | VFOV: 77° - 44° | DFOV: 111° - 72°
- 1.6x=16-32mm, HFOV: 97° - 59° | VFOV: 74° - 41° | DFOV: 107° - 68°
- 1.7x=17-34mm, HFOV: 93° - 56° | VFOV: 70° - 39° | DFOV: 104° - 65°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 3 images every 120° at -90° pitch, 6 images every 60° at 0° pitch, 3 images every 120° at +90° pitch
- Minimum (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30°, Z
- Recommended (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 4 images every 90° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 4 images every 90° at +60° pitch, no zenith image required
- Alternative (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.7x): N, 4 images every 90° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 4 images every 90° at +60° pitch, Z
Sigma 12-24mm f/4.5-5.6 EX DG
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=12-24mm, HFOV: 113° - 74° | VFOV: 90° - 53° | DFOV: 122° - 84°
- 1.3x=15.6-31.2mm, HFOV: 98° - 60° | VFOV: 75° - 42° | DFOV: 108° - 69°
- 1.5x=18-36mm, HFOV: 90° - 53° | VFOV: 67° - 37° | DFOV: 100° - 62°
- 1.6x=19.2-38.4mm, HFOV: 86° - 50° | VFOV: 64° - 35° | DFOV: 97° - 59°
- 1.7x=20.4-40.8mm, HFOV: 83° - 48° | VFOV: 61° - 33° | DFOV: 93° - 56°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x, 1.6x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.7x): N, 9 images every 40° at -30° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +30°, Z
Sigma 14mm f/2.8 EX
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=14mm, HFOV: 104° | VFOV: 81° | DFOV: 114°
- 1.3x=18mm, HFOV: 89° | VFOV: 67° | DFOV: 100°
- 1.5x=21mm, HFOV: 81° | VFOV: 59° | DFOV: 92°
- 1.6x=22mm, HFOV: 78° | VFOV: 56° | DFOV: 88°
- 1.7x=23.8mm, HFOV: 74° | VFOV: 53° | DFOV: 84°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x, 1.6x, 1.7x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
Sigma 15mm f/2.8 EX DG Fisheye
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=15mm, HFOV: 141° | VFOV: 91° | DFOV: 180°
- 1.3x=20mm, HFOV: 109° | VFOV: 70° | DFOV: 138°
- 1.5x=22.5mm, HFOV: 94° | VFOV: 61° | DFOV: 114°
- 1.6x=24mm, HFOV: 88° | VFOV: 58° | DFOV: 107°
- 1.7x=25.5mm, HFOV: 83° | VFOV: 54°| DFOV: 100°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at 0° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
Sigma 15-30mm f/3.5-4.5 EX DG
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=15-30mm, HFOV: 100° - 62° | VFOV: 77° - 44° | DFOV: 111° - 72°
- 1.3x=19.5-39mm, HFOV: 85° - 50° | VFOV: 63° - 34° | DFOV: 96° - 58°
- 1.5x=22.5-45mm, HFOV: 77° - 44° | VFOV: 56° - 30° | DFOV: 88° - 51°
- 1.6x=24-48mm, HFOV: 74° - 41° | VFOV: 53° - 28° | DFOV: 84° - 49°
- 1.7x=25.5-51mm, HFOV: 70° - 39° | VFOV: 50° - 26° | DFOV: 81° - 46°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 6 images every 60° at -30° pitch, 6 images every 60° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x, 1.6x, 1.7x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
Sigma 17-35mm f/2.8-4 EX DG
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=17-35mm, HFOV: 93° - 54° | VFOV: 70° - 38° | DFOV: 104° - 63°
- 1.3x=22.1-45.5mm, HFOV: 78° - 43° | VFOV: 57° - 30° | DFOV: 89° - 51°
- 1.5x=25.5-52.5mm, HFOV: 70° - 38° | VFOV: 50° - 26° | DFOV: 81° - 45°
- 1.6x=27.2-56mm, HFOV: 67° - 36° | VFOV: 48° - 24° | DFOV: 77° - 42°
- 1.7x=28.9-59.5mm, HFOV: 64° - 34° | VFOV: 45° - 23° | DFOV: 74° - 40°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 18-50mm f/2.8 EX DC
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-50mm, HFOV: 90° - 40° | VFOV: 67° - 27° | DFOV: 100° - 47°
- 1.3x=23.4-65mm, HFOV: 75° - 31° | VFOV: 54° - 21° | DFOV: 86° - 37°
- 1.5x=27-75mm, HFOV: 67° - 27° | VFOV: 48° - 18° | DFOV: 77° - 32°
- 1.6x=28.8-80mm, HFOV: 64° - 25° | VFOV: 45° - 17° | DFOV: 73° - 30°
- 1.7x=30.6-85mm, HFOV: 61° - 24° | VFOV: 43° - 16° | DFOV: 71° - 29°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 18-50mm f/3.5-5.6 DC
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-50mm, HFOV: 90° - 40° | VFOV: 67° - 27° | DFOV: 100° - 47°
- 1.3x=23.4-65mm, HFOV: 75° - 31° | VFOV: 54° - 21° | DFOV: 86° - 37°
- 1.5x=27-75mm, HFOV: 67° - 27° | VFOV: 48° - 18° | DFOV: 77° - 32°
- 1.6x=28.8-80mm, HFOV: 64° - 25° | VFOV: 45° - 17° | DFOV: 73° - 30°
- 1.7x=30.6-85mm, HFOV: 61° - 24° | VFOV: 43° - 16° | DFOV: 71° - 29°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 18-125mm f/3.5-5.6 DC
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-125mm, HFOV: 90° - 16° | VFOV: 67° - 11° | DFOV: 100° - 20°
- 1.3x=23.4-162.5mm, HFOV: 75° - 13° | VFOV: 54° - 8° | DFOV: 86° - 15°
- 1.5x=27-187.5mm, HFOV: 67° - 11° | VFOV: 48° - 7° | DFOV: 77° - 13°
- 1.6x=28.8-200mm, HFOV: 64° - 10° | VFOV: 45° - 7° | DFOV: 73° - 12°
- 1.7x=30.6-212.5mm, HFOV: 61° - 10° | VFOV: 43° - 6° | DFOV: 71° - 12°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 18-200mm f/3.5-6.3 DC
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=18-200mm, HFOV: 90° - 10° | VFOV: 67° - 7° | DFOV: 100° - 12°
- 1.3x=23.4-260mm, HFOV: 75° - 8° | VFOV: 54° - 5° | DFOV: 86° - 10°
- 1.5x=27-300mm, HFOV: 67° - 7° | VFOV: 48° - 5° | DFOV: 77° - 8°
- 1.6x=28.8-320mm, HFOV: 64° - 6° | VFOV: 45° - 4° | DFOV: 73° - 8°
- 1.7x=30.6-340mm, HFOV: 61° - 6° | VFOV: 43° - 4° | DFOV: 71° - 7°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -30° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +30°, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 20mm f/1.8 EX DG
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=20mm, HFOV: 84° | VFOV: 62° | DFOV: 94°
- 1.3x=26mm, HFOV: 69° | VFOV: 50° | DFOV: 80°
- 1.5x=30mm, HFOV: 62° | VFOV: 44° | DFOV: 72°
- 1.6x=32mm, HFOV: 59° | VFOV: 41° | DFOV: 68°
- 1.7x=34mm, HFOV: 56° | VFOV: 39° | DFOV: 65°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x):N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
Sigma 20-40mm f/2.8
Field of view (FOV) - horizontal, vertical, diagonal:
- Full-frame=20-40mm, HFOV: 84° - 48° | VFOV: 62° - 33° | DFOV: 94° - 57°
- 1.3x=26-52mm, HFOV: 69° - 38° | VFOV: 50° - 26° | DFOV: 80° - 45°
- 1.5x=30-60mm, HFOV: 62° - 33° | VFOV: 44° - 23° | DFOV: 72° - 40°
- 1.6x=32-64mm, HFOV: 59° - 31° | VFOV: 41° - 21° | DFOV: 68° - 37°
- 1.7x=34-68mm, HFOV: 56° - 30° | VFOV: 39° - 20° | DFOV: 65° - 35°
Number of pictures required for a 360° panorama:
- Minimum (full-frame): N, 8 images every 45° at -60° pitch, 8 images every 45° at 0° pitch, 8 images every 45° at +60° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.3x): N, 9 images every 40° at -50° pitch, 9 images every 40° at 0° pitch, 9 images every 40° at +50° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.5x):N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z
- Minimum (1.6x, 1.7x): N, 10 images every 36° at -45° pitch, 10 images every 36° at 0° pitch, 10 images every 36° at +45° pitch, Z